The Faculty of Medicine was first established in 1867, so that, according to the decree accompanying this decision, “the existing departments of the secondary school of medicine became faculty departments starting with the 1867-1868 academic year”, and “the tenured professors of these departments holding the academic title of Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) became faculty professors”.

In 1873, the first Ph.D. thesis defense took place at the Bucharest Faculty of Medicine. By 1888, concurrently with Ph.D. theses, 19 license theses were defended. As of the 1885 academic year, the faculty no longer accepted students without a baccalaureate diploma, and after 1888 the graduates were required to defend a thesis, thus obtaining the title of Doctor of Medicine and Surgery.

The year 1887 prefaced a new stage in the development of the Bucharest Faculty of Medicine, representing a memorable date in the history of Romanian science. In that year, three distinguished scholars were summoned as professors in charge of main departments of the faculty: Victor Babes (1854-1926), one of the great bacteriologists and morphopathologists of his era; George Assaky (1855-1899), founder of the school of experimental surgery, and Nicolae Kalinderu (1832-1902), an eminent clinician, and pioneer of the morphoclinical orientation in Romanian medicine.

After 1890, several notable scholars joined the teaching staff of the Bucharest Faculty of Medicine; in 1895, Thoma Ionescu (1860-1926), founder of modern Romanian surgery and innovator in the field of spinal anesthesia, was appointed professor of topographic anatomy and surgical clinic; in 1899, Gheorghe Marinescu (1863-1938), founder of the Romanian school of neurology; in 1901, Ion Cantacuzino (1863-1934), bacteriologist, biologist, immunologist and epidemiologist, as well as initiator of the Romanian school of experimental medicine.
After World War One, the departments of the Faculty of Medicine were represented by other important figures which helped consolidate the reputation of the faculty. Among these, we mention: Professor Ion Nanu Muscel (1862-1938), clinician and school founder; Anibal Theohari (1873-1933), creator of experimental therapeutics and balneology; Professor Ernest Juvara (1870-1933), innovator in surgical and instrumental technique; Professor Alexandru Obregia (1860-1937), who elaborated the science of psychiatry; Professor Mina Minovici (1858-1933), founder and scientific organizer of legal medicine in Romania; Francisc Rainer (1874-1944), erudite anatomist and anthropologist; Constantin I. Parhon, promoter of endocrinology and biochemistry; Dimitrie Bagdasar (1863-1946), forefather of the school of neurosurgery; Constantin Ionescu-Mihaiesti (1883-1962), representative of the Romanian school of microbiology, organizer of serum production practices, one of the founders of the “Dr. I. Cantacuzino” Institute.